Free Scientific Calculator
Perform advanced calculations with trigonometry (sin, cos, tan), logarithms, exponents, square roots, and the constants π and e. Toggle between degree and radian mode. Free, private — all calculations run in your browser.
Scientific Calculator — Full Trig, Log & Memory
A full-featured scientific calculator supporting trigonometry (sin, cos, tan, inverses), logarithms (log, ln), exponents, factorials, and memory functions. Switch between Degree and Radian mode. All calculations run in your browser with no data sent to any server.
How to Use This Calculator
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Enter a number using the digit buttons or your keyboard.
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For binary operations (add, subtract, etc.), press an operator key, enter the second number, then press "=".
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For functions like sin, cos, log — enter the number first, then press the function button.
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Toggle DEG/RAD to switch between degree and radian mode for trig functions.
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Use M+, M−, MR, MC to store and recall values from memory.
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Press AC to clear everything, or ⌫ to delete the last digit.
📐 How This Is Calculated
sin(x), cos(x), tan(x) | log(x) = log₁₀(x) | ln(x) = logₑ(x) | n! = n×(n-1)×…×1
DEG—Angles measured in degrees (0–360°). Default mode.RAD—Angles measured in radians (0–2π). Switch with DEG/RAD button.M—Memory register — stores one number independently of the display.mod—Modulo — the remainder after division of a by b.Reference: IEEE 754 floating-point arithmetic — standard precision for scientific computing
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Disclaimer
Results are provided for informational and educational purposes only. They should not be used as a substitute for professional financial, engineering, medical, or legal advice. Always verify outputs with a qualified professional before making important decisions. Roughtools makes no warranties regarding accuracy or completeness for your specific situation.
About This Scientific Calculator
The Scientific Calculator extends basic arithmetic with the full set of mathematical functions needed for science, engineering, and academic work. Unlike a basic calculator that handles only +, −, ×, ÷, this tool covers trigonometry, logarithms, exponential functions, roots, and mathematical constants — everything you need to solve physics, chemistry, engineering, and higher mathematics problems in a single interface, without downloading software or apps.
Trigonometry Functions
Trigonometric functions relate angles to the ratios of sides in right triangles and generalise to the unit circle for all angles. The three primary functions and their relationships:
cos(θ) = adjacent / hypotenuse
tan(θ) = opposite / adjacent = sin(θ) / cos(θ)
The inverse functions (sin⁻¹, cos⁻¹, tan⁻¹ — also written arcsin, arccos, arctan) take a ratio and return the angle. These are essential when you know side lengths and need to find angles. Always verify your mode (degrees vs radians) before computing any trig function.
Logarithms and Exponents
Logarithms are the inverse of exponentiation. If 10³ = 1000, then log₁₀(1000) = 3. If e² ≈ 7.389, then ln(7.389) ≈ 2. Logarithms compress very large or small numbers into manageable scales — which is why they appear in the Richter scale (earthquakes), decibels (sound), pH (acidity), astronomical magnitudes, and information theory (bits). The natural log (ln) is the fundamental logarithm in calculus and differential equations because its derivative is 1/x — the simplest possible form.
Constants: π and e
Pi (π ≈ 3.14159265358979) is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. It is irrational (cannot be expressed as a fraction) and transcendental (not a root of any polynomial with integer coefficients). Pi appears in the area of circles (πr²), volume of spheres (4/3 πr³), Fourier transforms, the Gaussian normal distribution, and countless physics equations.
Euler's number (e ≈ 2.71828182845904) is the base of the natural logarithm and is defined as the limit of (1 + 1/n)ⁿ as n approaches infinity. The function eˣ is unique in that it equals its own derivative — making it the fundamental building block for modelling continuous growth and decay: compound interest, population dynamics, radioactive decay, and capacitor charge/discharge.
Privacy Notice
All calculations run entirely in your browser using JavaScript's Math library. Nothing you enter is transmitted to any server or stored in any database. See our Privacy Policy for full details.
When to Use This Calculator
Calculate force vectors, wave frequencies, projectile motion, and energy equations with trig, exponents, and scientific notation all in one place.
Compute pH (log), Arrhenius equation (ln and e), molar mass, and stoichiometry calculations without switching between multiple tools.
Solve structural load calculations, electrical circuit equations, and signal processing problems involving trig functions, logarithms, and complex expressions.
Find missing angles and sides of triangles, compute unit circle values, and verify identities using sin, cos, tan and their inverses in degree or radian mode.
Apply the continuous compounding formula A = Pe^(rt), compute logarithmic returns for investments, and solve time-value-of-money equations.
💡 Pro Tips
Always check degrees vs radians mode before computing any trig function. sin(90) in degree mode = 1 (correct). sin(90) in radian mode ≈ 0.894 (because 90 radians ≈ 5156°). This is the single most common source of wrong answers in trigonometry calculations — always verify your mode before starting.
Use parentheses generously to control order of operations. Calculators follow PEMDAS/BODMAS (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiply/Divide, Add/Subtract). For example, 2 + 3 × 4 = 14 (not 20), because multiplication happens before addition. If in doubt, wrap sub-expressions in parentheses: (2 + 3) × 4 = 20.
Know when to use log vs ln: log₁₀ is useful for decibels (sound), pH (chemistry), Richter scale (earthquakes), and powers of 10 in engineering. The natural log (ln) is used in calculus, exponential growth/decay models, probability distributions, and finance (continuous compounding). If the problem involves e or growth rates, use ln.
Scientific notation is your friend for very large or small numbers. Instead of typing 0.0000000000167, enter 1.67 × 10⁻¹¹ (Planck's constant ≈ 6.63 × 10⁻³⁴). Most scientific calculators accept EE or EXP notation. Keeping numbers in scientific notation prevents rounding errors and makes it easier to spot magnitude mistakes.
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